８７ Future of the Universe【Past and Future】Dialogue with the Universe
○ Future of the universe is due
to curvature of the universe and dark energy. [11]
【Future of the Universe】
○About the future of the universe, three main
scenarios considered. ［1］
Scenario 1: The universe would continue accelerating
forever. Therefore, the Milky Way of solar system would have led to gravitationally
combined galaxies with very near. In order to exhaust material gas, there are
no longer new stars in these galaxies. There are only leaving remnants of black
holes and neutron stars, white dwarf stars.・・・10 ^ 18～10 ^ '25 years after
＜If the universe is geometrically flat and dark
energy is constant＞
ｋ（the geometry of space）＝０
Ω＝１
Ω：the density parameter＝ρ／ρｃ
ρｃ：the critical density＝9×10＾-27（kg/㎥）＝3Ho＾2／8πG
Ho：Hubble's constant
π：the circumference of a circle divided＝3.1415…
Ｇ：Gravitational constant＝6.67×10＾−11 （m＾3 kg＾−1 s＾−2）
Scenario 2: Inflation
would slow gradually, over time the expansion will stop. Furthermore, from
which the universe starts to shrink, becomes very small and collapses. = "The
Big Crunch". ・・・10＾27 years after
＜If the universe is analogous to a two-dimensional life-form on the
surface of a sphere and dark energy decreases＞
ｋ＞０、Ω＞１
π is small on large scales, parallel lines will ultimately meet,
and the
interior angles
of a triangle add up to more than 180 degrees.
Scenario 3: The acceleration of the universe
may happen so quickly that galaxies, stars, and eventually atoms will be torn
apart, in the so-called Big Rip.［2］・・・10＾18～10＾25 years after
＜If the universe is analogous to a
saddle-shape and infinite, and dark energy increases.＞
ｋ＜０、Ω＜１
πis large on large
scales, parallel lines diverge, and the interior angles of a triangle add up to
less than 180 degrees.
○ Curvature of the universe・・・The Keyword is Friedman
· According to Friedman, curvature of the
universe takes three values positive or zero or negative by the amount of
materials and energy in the interior of the universe.
・In the three types of expansion of the
universe that Friedman revealed, expansion speed becomes either "gradually
slow" or "at the same rate". In the universe of negative curvature,
finally expansion rate becomes constant, otherwise, the expansion rate will be
slow due to gravity of matter inside the universe.
・Curvature of the universe can be obtained by
precisely measuring the temperature fluctuations (non-uniformity of the signal
strength) of the cosmic background radiation.
・According to observations of 2005, Ω is between 0.98 and 1.06. [5]
○ However, expansion of the universe has
gently accelerated from six billion years ago(doubled over a period of several
billion years: the second of inflation) . [11]
・Accelerated expansion is believed to be due
to dark energy.
○Dark energy[3]・・・We know only nature of it,
that is accelerating the expansion of the universe.
Dark energy is the unknown energy to accelerate the expansion of the
universe. It
has similar properties as the cosmological term that introduced by Einstein to
keep the static state of the universe without collapse by gravity. [4]
Its identity might be the energy of a mere vacuum as well as the
cosmological term, or some potential energy (of the scalar field) that does not
substantially change even in 10 billion years of time scale.
Others, it can be considered such scenarios that gravity theory
which defines the cosmic expansion deviates from general relativity, or
remnants of the high-dimensional cosmological such as membrane models have
created an effective dark energy.
○In the case of scenario 1, it is necessary to escape from this universe
after a few trillion years.
[6]
[Expansion of the universe] [7]
○ For expansion of the universe
is the expansion of space-time itself, so it is also possible to exceed the
speed of light.
○Currently, the observable
universe is expanding at 3.5 times of the speed of light. And expansion is
accelerating.
: In the 18 billion light-years
distant, the expansion velocity exceeds the speed of light. = We can not observe
in the distance from it.
⇒After 2 trillion years it almost
becomes invisible but one giant galaxy.
: We are living in special
times!
○Outside of the observable
universe is not known whether infinite or finite.
○ In any case, the observable
universe is smaller than the whole universe, so we can not determine the
structure of the entire universe by observation.
⇒ Therefore, in order to escape
from our universe, rather than fly, it is necessary to exceed the time and
space.
○But above is hypothesis and it is not
intended validated. Moreover, the time requires 10 billion years. Don't worry!
○ Hypothesis over the future of
the universe is a situation of "anything goes".
☆There is a possibility that the universe can
take any form.
☆ In the early universe, it might
be another universe looked.
【Future of intelligence】
☆ The important thing for the
intelligence is communication between the parallel universe rather than escape
from the universe.
☆ Communication between the
parallel universe would be done by GAI[8].
【Reference】
1.
Chandra X-ray Observatory - NASA's flagship X-ray
telescope
2.
Wikipedia：ビッグリップ（Japanese）
3.
School of science the university of Tokyo
4.
https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/story/newsletter/keywords/25/03.html
5.
No.１７ Theory of Relativity
6.
Wikipedia：平坦性問題(Japanese)
7.
Michio Kaku / New York incandescent classroom
" Amazing prophecy of "Theory of Everything;TOE"" 20150403
8.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWXNFhCuwXI
9.
Wikipedia：宇宙(Japanese)
10.
GAI ：Growing Artificial Intelligence No.34、No.39、No.40
- 「気が遠くなる未来の宇宙のはなし(The story of the future of the universe mind-boggling)」Ktsuhiko Sato(2013)p.187～
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