８２ Evaporation of Black hole：Hawking Radiation

８２　Evaporation of Black hole：Hawking Radiation

1974　Stephen William Hawking
・One of the characteristics of the quantum theory is that there is no empty space thing.
・This may look empty at first glance, in a micro scale pair production of virtual particles of negative energy and positive energy always has been done.
・In just outside the area of the event horizon, positive-energy particles can escape from the black hole if energy is greater.
・On the other hand, negative energy particles are sucked into the black hole.

※event horizon：In the inner side than the event horizon, since the speed required to escape from the black hole is greater than the light speed, it is impossible to escape from there even light .

• Since the negative energy particles are inhaled, the energy of the black hole is reduced as a result, the black hole becomes smaller gradually.
・Black hole is going to "evaporation". 
・Final process of this evaporation is observed as a gamma-ray burst.
・At the time of the black hole evaporation is newly made protons and neutrons.
・And temperature at this time, also reached T = 10＾32.

※Temperature of black hole：T

(ｋ：the Boltzmann constant, M：the mass of the black hole)

・However, the time to partition evaporation is 105.9 billion years, that is orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe about 14 billion years.

• At present, it is not known sure thing about this process.

【Reference】
[1] The mystery of the black hole Scientific Seminar of the Physical Society of Japan 2004
Text "Einstein and physics in the 21st century"(August 5-6, 2004)
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Makoto.Natsuume
http://www.h7.dion.ne.jp/~natsuume/articles/jps_seminar_txt2.pdf
[2] A Universe from Nothing. Lawrence M. Krauss -2012