８４ The History of the Earth【Past and Future】Dialogue with the Universe
13.7 billion years ago Big
Bang
13.5 billion years ago Birth
of stars
10 billion years ago The birth of the Milky Way galaxy
4.6 billion years ago Formation of The Solar system and Earth
(primitive atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium).
4.3-4.0 billion years ago Ocean was born
3.8 billion years ago Birth
of unicellular organisms
750～700 million years ago Sturtian
glaciations
640 million years ago Marinoan glaciation・・・Snowball Earth
600 million years ago Birth
and explosion of multicellular organisms（the Cambrian）
500 million years ago Creature won the brain.
400
million years ago Plants advanced the
land from the sea.
360
million years ago Animal’s landing
300
million years ago Increase of insects (cockroaches = living
fossil)
Emergence of reptiles
250
million years ago Mass extinction of
lives (Permian)
Emergence of dinosaurs
225
million years ago Emergence of mammals
220
million years ago Mass extinction of lives
150
million years ago Emergence of archaeopteryx
140
million years ago Division of Australian continent
100
million years ago Golden age of dinosaurs (The average temperature was about 23℃. Temperature of current average is 15℃.)
65 million
years ago A mass extinction of
organisms= Extinction of dinosaurs(Collision of comet(about 10km diameter))
Emergence of primates(Ability to synthesize vitamin C is lost)
40 million
years ago Last ice age
25
million years ago The oldest fossil
that seems to be apes
10
million ～5 million years ago The formation of the Great Rift Valley in
Africa began.
about
6 million ～ 5 million years ago The differentiation of Humans and
chimpanzees
about 2.5 million ～ 1.8 million years ago Start of Stone tools
1.7 million years ago Human beings born
0.5 million years ago Peking man
230,000 years ago Emergence of Neanderthals ・・・Use
of stone tools
200,000 ～190,000 years ago Emergence of Homo sapiens (present people)
160,000 ± 40,000 years ago
Mitochondrial Eve in Africa
(150 000 years ago polar bear and brown bear was divided)
100,000 years ago～ Modern humans (Homo
sapiens) were spread out of the Africa.
(It was lower about 5-8 degrees in average
temperature than the current：The difference between the annual average
temperature in Tokyo and Sapporo. Sea level was 120m lower than now. )
70,000 years ago ～ The last ice age
10,000 years ago The end of the last ice age
30,000 years ago Extinction of Neanderthal
30,000 ～ 20,000 years ago Mongoloid passed to the Americas.
14,000 ～10,000 years ago Humanity tamed the dog.
13 000 years ago Japanese archipelago became the island.
10,000 years ago The end of the last ice age
20th century Development of science and technology, the
explosive growth of population, globalization, world war, environmental
destruction and resource depletion concerns
The
21st century Nuclear
fusion power generation. Development of Artificial intelligence, Biotechnology
and Nanotechnology. Multi-polar world.
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