２３ Quantum Cosmology【What is the Universe？】Dialogue
with the Universe
２３－１ The Birth of the universe：Quantum
fluctuation [1]
・In modern physics, there is no such thing as perfect nothing.
・Vacuum or empty space has Vacuum energy and tension．
・In quantum level, even in a vacuum, pairs of matter and anti-matter particles
are constantly being created and annihilated.
・The universe was born by the rapid expansion of the material
particle (elementary
particle).
※The problem remains.・・・ What is the vacuum energy
and the tension?
２３－２ Inflation cosmology [2]
・・・1981
Katsuhiko Sato, Alan Guth
・The theory is that the universe is the
magnitude of 10 24-th power（＝Inflation） in the period from after 10
minus 36 square seconds immediately after birth until after 10 minus 34 square
seconds by the phase
transition of space due to the Quantum tunneling of vacuum energy.
※The size of the universe (10^-27m) is much
smaller than atom (10^-10m).
⇒3 millimeters (10^-3m)
※The inflation rate is 60-fold of light speed.
※Quantum tunnelling or tunneling refers to the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classicallycould not surmount. It has important applications to modern devices such as the tunnel diode,[2] quantum computing, and the scanning
tunnelling microscope. [3]
・Huge energy is converted into heat. And it
will be the whole universe to the ultra high. ⇒ Big Bang
· By inflation, some of the
problems of big bang cosmology, which has been pointed out in the 1970s is
resolved. [4]
(The problems of big bang
cosmology )
1－That the universe is observed is
very flat. (Flatness problem)
2 －The universe is extremely
uniform. (Horizon problem)
3－Phase defect of space in which
exist in many models of grand unified theory (GUT) has been predicted is not
observed at all. (Monopole problem)
＜Problemｓ and observation＞
・Driving force of the
secondary inflation that began before several billion years (4 ～ 6 billion years) remains as unresolved issues. [5]
・Precision exploration of
gravity waves is planned by such as Planck(cosmic microwave background radiation
observation satellites of the European Space Agency (ESA) ) or the South Pole
satellite. [5]
・In February 2016, the Advanced LIGO team announced that they
had detected gravitational waves from
a pair of black holes merging.
[6]
・Institute for Cosmic Ray
Research, University of Tokyo starts the observation of gravitational waves in
2017 by the underground telescope "KAGRA".
・In the 2021 fiscal year,
Japan plans to launch the artificial satellite "Light Bird" which is
possible all-sky observation with high degree accuracy.
２３－３ Free lunch model（Alan Harvey Guth）[5]
・・・1988
・Matter and radiation can have not only "positive" energy
but also "negative" energy.
・Negative energy is repulsive force, and repulsive force inflates the
space.
・When "negative" energy is generated by quantum
fluctuations, "positive" energy of the same amount is also generated.
· Thus, in the closed universe, material and radiation is filled
accoding to the expansion!
・This is perfectly consistent with the Law of Conservation of Energy,
so the Expansion of the universe is the ultimate Free lunch.
・Guth’s model is believed to explain the cosmological constant of General
relativity.
２３－４ The Big Bang model [7]
・・・1948 George Gamow
The
model is assumed that the Universe expanded from a very high density and high
temperature state.
・The Big Bang model is
explained by Cosmology based on theory of elementary particles.
・Elementary particle are
explained by several kinds of symmetry in theory of elementary particles.
・Although it is assumed
that there are an equivalent amount of matter and anti-matter in the universe
from this.
・The asymmetry of existence of matter in the universe(that is, there
is almost no anti-matter) is one mystery in theory of elementary particles.
☆My idea
Since the fundamental power of anti-matter
is repulsive force, it is thought that anti-matter was diffused at high speed
rather than the substance after separation of gravity and antigravity (１０Ｅ－４４（ten to the minus 44th）
second after the Big Bang).
【References】
|
1.
Can Quantum Mechanics Produce a Universe
from Nothing? by
|
2. Wikipedia：Inflation(cosmology)
3. Wikipedia：Quantum tunnelling
4. 「気が遠くなる未来の宇宙のはなし(The story of the future of the universe mind-boggling)」Ktsuhiko Sato(2013)
5. A Universe from
Nothing. Lawrence M. Krauss -2012
6. Wikipedia：Gravitational wave
7. Ｎｏ．２０ The Big Bang model
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