３８ What is Thinking？

３８　What is Thinking？【Intelligence】Dialogue with the Universe

○With thinking, a concept, a language, etc. are operated, a meaning is got to know, and semantic attachment is performed.
○Thinking is Judgment( knows the meaning, or gives the meaning) by the information acquired by learning.

○Artificial intelligence is thinking！
2016 －And Alphago won the former world champion. [1]
－ALPHA won the tactical experts in combat simulation. [2]
－Japan moves to protect ‘copyrights’ of AI creations [3]


※2016　Microsoft, Delft University of Technology, the Mauritshuis in The Hague and the Rembrandt House Museum in Amsterdam [4]

【References】
1. The guardian”AlphaGo: beating humans is one thing but to really succeed AI must work with them”
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/15/alphago-ai-artificial-intelligence-beating-humans

○ Pattern of the game
・Chess：10^120
・Japanese chess：10^220
・Go：≧10^360
※In chess, there is a choice of 35 different ways on average in any aspect. In go, there is a choice of 250 different ways. The choices are greater than atoms in the universe

○Go・・・Difficulties on programing
１）Branching coefficient ...Since the number of combination increases suddenly, AI can not search deeply.
２）There was no good way to recognize the complex face of a board. ... Too much heuristics.

2. UC Magazine “New artificial intelligence beats tactical experts in combat simulation”
http://magazine.uc.edu/editors_picks/recent_features/alpha.html
3. “Japan moves to protect ‘copyrights’ of AI creations” at The Japan Times 
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/05/10/national/japan-moves-protect-copyrights-ai-creations/#.V42QmlSLS70
4. Mark Brown” 'New Rembrandt' to be unveiled in Amsterdam”at the guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/apr/05/new-rembrandt-to-be-unveiled-in-amsterdam